GOSTAR DE, ADORAR and AMAR

The verbs "gostar de", "adorar" and "amar" all express liking, but on different levels. On a scale from less to more emphatic, "gostar de " occupies the less emphatic end and "amar" is at the more emphatic end, with "adorar" somewhere in the middle.

ref.: Beginner's Brazilian Portuguese
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VALEU !!

Valeu! is a colloquial expression used when someone does or says something that you appreciate. It is often used as an informal word for ‘thank you’, like ‘cheers!’ in English:

Eu te deixo na estação. – Valeu, obrigado.
I’ll drop you at the station. – Nice one, thanks.

ref.: Modern Brazilian Portuguese Grammar - A Practical Guide

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WRITING STRATEGY IN PORTUGUESE:

When you write in a foreign language it is important to be able to identify your own mistakes - and to correct them. In order to identify your mistakes you should look for "critical points", that is, points where mistakes are likely to occur. In Portuguese, verb conjugation is a typical critical point. The strategy "activating a specific monitor" should help you here. In order to use this strategy, you should follow these steps:

1. ask: what are the usual problems with this? (e.g. verb conjugation)
2.review the rules in your mind (or check them in your book)
3. revise your text focusing on this "critical points" (i.e. check your verbs).
Identify the mistakes in this paragraph and write it down. I will let you know whether you are right or not.

MEU NOME É SARAH. EU SOU AMERICANA E MORA EM MIAMI. EU TENHO TRÊS IRMÃOS; JOHN, AMY E PAUL. JOHN E AMY É CASADOS. ELES MORA EM BOSTON. PAUL É SOLTEIRO. ELE MORA EM LOS ANGELES. EU TEM DOIS SOBRINHOS.

Ref.: Beginner"s Brazilian Portuguese. Ed. Disal.
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IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS WITH "SER"

Ser com alguém:

This is used for ‘to be meant for someone; to be someone’s department’:

É comigo?

Do you mean me? / Do they mean me? / Are you talking to me?

É com você, Renata.

Over to you, Renata. (on TV programme)

Os aplausos eram com o diretor.

The applause was for the director.

Futebol não é comigo.

Football’s not my strong point. / It’s no use asking me about football.

Ref.: Modern Brazilian Portuguese Grammar - A Practical

"TEM SIDO" VS. " FOI"

When there is no adverb of time in the sentence, the perfect tense usually translates
‘has/have been’, while the preterite translates ‘was/were’, referring to a single instance in
the past., for example:

Eles têm sido muito compreensivos comigo.
They’ve been very understanding with me.

Eles foram muito compreensivos comigo.
They were very understanding with me.

Ref.: Modern Brazilian Portuguese Grammar - A Practical Guide.

The use of the expression : "PODE SER" in Brazilian Portuguese

The expression "pode ser" is used as a response to a question or statement, meaning ‘maybe’, ‘could be’:

Acho que vai chover. – Pode ser.
I think it’s going to rain. – Could be.
Você vai ver a Ana amanhã? – Pode ser.
Are you going to see Ana tomorrow? – Maybe.

It can also be followed by que + subjunctive to express a possibility:

Pode ser que ele chegue amanhã.
He might arrive tomorrow.
Pode ser que ela tenha esquecido.82
She might have forgotten.

The expression "não pode ser" can be used to mean ‘that’s impossible’ or to express exasperation:

Cem reais por um computador novo? Não pode ser!
A hundred reais for a brand new computer? That’s impossible!
Não pode ser que você ainda goste dele!
You can’t possibly still like him!
Você esqueceu a chave? Não pode ser!
You’ve forgotten the key? I don’t believe it!

Ref.: Modern Brazilian Portuguese Grammar - A Practical Guide.

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SAYING WHETHER SOMETHING IS CONSIDERED POSSIBLE OR IMPOSSIBLE IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE LANGUAGE:

There are many ways of expressing degrees of possibility and probability in Portuguese. Here are some of the most commonly used expressions in the spoken language:

pode ser : ‘maybe, it could be’
talvez: ‘perhaps, maybe’
de repente : ‘maybe’
provavelmente: ‘probably’
é possível/impossível : ‘it’s possible/impossible’
não é possível: ‘it’s not possible’
é difícil: ‘it’s unlikely’
acho difícil: ‘I think it’s unlikely’.

Ref.: Modern Brazilian Portuguese Grammar - A Practical Guide.

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EXPRESSING INTEREST. ASKING FOR DETAILS.

A way of expressing interest when engaging in interaction is by reacting using "AH, É ??" ( IS THAT SO?/ REALLY?) . Very often expressions such as that one are followed by requests for details of what is being talked about. Examples:

Na Avenida Paulista , há um museu interessante.
Ah , é ? Como se chama?

Em Florianópolis há praias lindas.
Ah , é ? São Limpas( clean ) ? A areia ( sand) é branca? A água é fria (cold) ?

Ref.: Beginner's Brazilian Portuguese.

Algum, Alguma, Alguns , Algumas

Algum/Alguma, Alguns/Algumas

(Any , some )

The forms algum/alguma, alguns/algumas are used for ‘some’ before a singular or plural noun, or ‘any’ in questions and conditional sentences. Note that, before a plural noun, they

may also be translated ‘a few, a couple of ’:

Eu vi a Sílvia alguns dias atrás.

I saw Silvia a few days ago.

Você acha que vai ter algum problema?

Do you think there’ll be any problem?

A aplicação de gelo no músculo pode trazer algum alívio.

Applying ice to the muscle may bring some relief.

Ref.: bit.ly/2tZK1cW

Ref 2 : Modern Brazilian Portuguese - A Practical Guide

ALGUÉM ( SOMEBODY OR SOMEONE )

ALGUÉM

(Somebody or Someone )

This is used for ‘somebody, someone’, or ‘anybody, anyone’ in questions and conditional sentences:

Preciso de alguém para me ajudar.

I need someone to help me.

Se alguém ligar, anote o telefone.

If anyone calls, note down their phone number.

Ref.:bit.ly/2tUfT1w ;

Ref 2 : Modern Brazilian Portuguese Grammar - A Practical Guide.

"TER QUE" OR "TER DE " ?

VERB "TER " PLUS "QUE" ; "TER" PLUS "DE" :

To have to : either form may be used .

Examples : Tenho que estudar a minha lição

( I have to study my lesson )

Tenho de estudar a minha lição

( I have to study my lesson )

Ref. : bit.ly/2kMH6yk

PRESENT CONTINUOUS IN PORTUGUESE :

PRESENT PARTICIPLE (GERUND) - VERBS ENDING IN -AR, -ER, -IR:

Verbs ending in -AR, -ER, -IR form the present partiicple by dropping the infinitive ending and adding : -ANDO, -ENDO, -INDO;

1. FALAR ( to speak ) : fal + ando ( speaking )

2. ESCREVER ( to write ) : escrev + endo ( writing )

3. ABRIR ( to open ) : abr + indo ( opening )

VERBS " ESTAR " PLUS " PRESENT PARTICIPLE"

This construction is used to express an action in progress :

Estou falando com ele agora.

(I am speaking with him now.)

Ele está escrevendo neste moment.

( He is writing right now/ at this moment )

Estamos abrindo os livros

(We are opening the books )

Ref.: Learning Portuguese . Ed. Disal.

ALGUÉM , NINGUÉM - INDEFINITE PRONOUNS :

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS :

Affirmative : alguém ( someone/anyone)
Negative : ninguém ( no one /anyone)

Você conhece alguém nesta cidade ?
Do you know anyone in this town?

Não conheço ninguém nesta cidade .
I don't know anyone in this town.

Alguém fala francês aqui?
Does anyone speak French here?

Ninguém fala francês aqui.
No one speaks French here.

Note: When "ninguém" follows the verb there are two negatives in the sentence. If "ninguém" precedes the verb only one negative is used:

Não conheço ninguém aqui.
Ninguém me conhece aqui.

Não há ninguém que fale francês.
Ninguém fala francês aqui.

ref.: Learning Portuguese . Ed. Disal

EXPRESSIONS WITH THE DEMONSTRATIVE "ISSO" :

The use of "isso" in expressions as : this is true, this is right, this is possible, etc.

ISSO É VERDADE - This is true
ISSO É POSSÍVEL - This is possible
ISSO É PROVÁVEL - This is probable
ISSO É CERTO - This is right

ref.: Learning Portuguese  Ed.  Disal
ref.: bit.ly/2h0rUcc

ISTO , ISSO , AQUILO - DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS - (Neutral) -Neuter (Gender)

Used for indeterminate items. For example:

O que é isto? What is this ?
Isso é um presente? Is that a present ?
Aquilo é uma bola ? Is that a ball ?

Isto - (this) - close to the speaker
isso - (that) - close to the person spoken to
aquilo - ( that) - far from both

SPEAKER: Isso aí é um livro !
ADDRESSEE : Isto ( aqui ) é um livro.
FAR FROM BOTH ( speaker and addressee ) : Aquilo lá é um livro.
ref.:bit.ly/2g60QKM
ref.: Learning Portuguese .Ed. Disal

BRAZILIAN EXPRESSION ( SLANG ) :

CARA DE PAU

This is a popular brazilian expression you should try to learn. "Cara de pau" meaning is an inconvenient person who doesn’t have a good sense of common etiquette or consideration for other people.

To have the/some nerve – When someone does something intentionally even though they know it is morally or ethically incorrect. For example:

"Ele é um cara de pau , vindo na minha festa, sem eu ter convidado" .
“He has some nerve coming to my party, even though I didn’t invite him.”
ref.: bit.ly/2gDR6bX

IMPERFECT PAST TENSE - VERBS ENDING IN -AR, -ER, IR : (PART 2 ):

B. The imperfect past tense is also used to express an action interrupted in the past . For example:

Eu jantava quando você chegou. I was having dinner when you arrived.
Ela estudava quando ele entrou . She was studying when he came in.

The following construction , however, is more commonly used in conversation:

Eu estava jantando quando você chegou. I was having dinner when you arrived.
Ela estava estudando quando ele entrou. She was studying when he came in.

Ref. Learning Portuguese . Ed. Disal.

PORRADA :

The meaning of PORRADA :

Porrada is a slang for a physical conflict between two or more individuals, a fight.

Example:

Se não parar de me irritar, vou te encher de porrada!

If you don't stop annoying me, I'll beat the crap out of you!

ref.: bit.ly/2gDR6bX

IMPERFECT PAST TENSE - VERBS ENDING IN -AR, -ER, IR ( PART 1 ) :

The Imperfect Past Tense is used:

a. To express habitual action in the past as expressed in English by "used to":

Ele viajava muito .............. He used to travel a lot.
Eu dançava bem ............ I used to dance well.
Estudávamos pela manhã ......... We used to study in the morning

Notice the difference between the perfect past and the imperfect past tenses in the examples below :

Ontem eu visitei Petrópolis ( Yesterday I visited Petrópolis) - a completed action in the past.

Quando menino, eu viajava muito com meu pai. ( When I was a boy I used to travel with my father) - a habitual action in the past,.

Ref.: Learning Portuguese . Ed. Disal.

EXPRESSIONS WITH "ESTAR COM " :

Estar  com pressa :              to be in a hurry
Estar com fome :                 to be hungry
Estar com sede :                  to be thirsty
Estar com frio :                    to be cold
Estar com medo :                 to be afraid
Estar com pena de :             to be sorry for
Estar com sono :                  to be sleepy
Estar com febre :                  to have fever
Estar com vontade de :         to want to do something
Estar com dor de cabeça :     to have headache
Estar com dor de garganta :  to have a sore throat
Estar com dor de estomago: to  have stomachache
Estar com preguiça :             to feel lazy
Estar com calor :                   to feel hot

Example: Eu estou com sede ( I am thirsty );  Ela está com sono ( She is sleepy ) ; Nós estamos com preguiça ( We are lazy ).
ref.: Learning Portuguese ( Ed. Disal)