The preterite expresses a past action limited by time while the Imperfect expresses a past action with a certain duration and not limited in time. For example:
Ontem a Maria se levantou às oito horas.
Yesterday Maria got up at eight o'clock.
Antes a Maria se levantava às seis horas.
Maria used to get up at six o'clock.
The Preterite is used to express a single event , while the Imperfect expresses an habitual action. For example:
Quando eu vi o seu pai , eu lhe perguntei sobre você.
When I saw your father I asked him about you.
ref.: Portuguese - Essential Grammar
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